Oil-burning apparatus



OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed July 8, 1927 2 "sheets-sheet 1 /w//fm @yam/mS mx Patented Nev. 12, 192e maar WILLIAM G. JOHNSTON, or rnrLADnLrHrA,rnNNsYLvAN1A,A-ssrenon 'ro 4ci-IA-RLris B. DOWNS, or PHILADELPHIA,lrnNNsYLvANIA OIL-BURNING APEARATUS Applcaton'r'led July 8, 1927. SerialNo. 204,177.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide oil burningapparatus, including a mechanical atomizer, and adapted withoutreplacement of any of its parts to operate successfully andsatisfactorily for different hourly capacities bythe simple operationofadjusting the oil feed. notherY object ofjtheinvention is to affordconvenience in changing from oil to solid fuel. Another object cf thevinvention is to prevent dripping or leakage of oil when the burnerisextinguished. v i,

Other objects of the invention will appear from the followingdescriptionand'it may be said that the invention comprises a number; ofspecially constructed elements rcoopera-ting` for the production oftheresults above indicated.A 'i The invention also comprises the improve,-inents to be presently described and finally claimed., l l

Inthe drawings Figure l is a view partly in'section and partly inelevation illustrating oil burning apparatus embodying features of theinvention in application to the combustionl chamber of one form ofheater or furnace selected from others for the sake of illustration.

Fig. 2 isa longitudinal central section ofv the mechanicalatomizer shownin Fig. l but drawn to an enlarged scale.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged `sectional view of the headed stem shown in Fig. 2and ofthe plate with which it cooperates.

Fig. 4 is an end view of the head of the vstem showing spiral cuts onthe conical projection.

Fig. 5 is an exaggerated view similar to Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged end view of the pump shown in Fig. l andillustrating a bleeder connection for the oil line, and

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the pump shown in Fig. 5.

The mechanical atomizer is provided with a cavity l, Fig. 3, of conicalfrustum form7 and the cavity is provided through its smaller base withan orifice 2. Arranged in the cavity is a conic projection 3 providednear its base with spiral cuts 4. The apex of the projection 3 isarranged inthe orifice 2,' clear of the wall thereof, whilst the body ofthe 'i conical projection is spaced ever so little from the conical wallof the' cavity; In this way and by this means ,drip from theatomi'zer isprevented as will be hereinafter'described and the spiral cuts 4 carryai swirlof" the oil right up--to the orifice 2. I

' y5 is the body ofthe mechanicalatomizer.r 6 is a plate' inwhich thecavity and rorifice are provided and it may well be` of hardened steel.l7 is a headed stem and it carriesthe projection 3. The head 8 of thestemis'provided'with axial oilslots 9"which extend generally tangent tothe vbaseof the conica-l projection and are'aligned'withythe vcuts 4.-`The stem is acted upon'V by aspring 11v and oil is supplied by theinlet12 and finds'iits way past the head lf3 through` the provision ofsuitable openingsor clearance. The end of stem 7 restsuponthe-faceoftheplatel 6.y

The ty between the wall of the conic projection 3 and the wall ofv theorice` 2 and cavity 1j is'such that thereis provided a film of oilsullicientto preventk dripy whenY there is no 'pressure on theoil in thebody :5 of the atomizerbut wheny pressure is'applied to the oil in the,body of .theatomizer the increase in pressure on'the film is sufhcientto expel vit in the fo'rm of vapori The philosophy of the action of thespring 11 is not quite clear. It is known that if the spring be replacedby a threaded vspindle andthe .parts beadjusted in the mannerdescribed-'the operationis satisfactory for several'hours only. Itissreasonable to suppose'that the spring: operates uns der variations of`pressure or clogging of a temporary nature inthe space provided betweenthe wall of the` cavity l'. andthe wall of the conic projection 3'Awhere the film ofy oil isp-rovided to'maintain the described moving orflowing film. lnasmuch as the structure'? isbalanced under pressure-thespringfappears y fired with solid fuel.

mechanical atomizer other elements are required and they vvill bereferred to. 14 is an atomizer chamber in Which the atomizer isarranged, and this chamber is applicable to the doorway of a combustionchamber A having an air intake B as a means for supplying air forcombustion in the combustion chamber. As shown the chamber 14 is appliedto the entrance of the doorway of a heater 15. This has an advantage inthat the chamber Vstructure 14 can be .removed and replaced by the doorof the furnace Whichcan then be .Another of the elements referred to ismeans forpermitting indrafts of air around the atomizer and into theatomizer chamber 14 and thence out though the offtake of the heater.AsshoWn pressure oil' supply of which the capacity may be variously set,and it is a feature of the invention that Within Wide limits theapparatus Wlthout any alteration vvhatevervvill properly atomize andburn oil supplied in different quantities per hour, so vthat the appa-`ratusas a whole and by merely adjustingV the amount .of oil suppliedVper hour can besuccessfully used'vvlth a varietyof combustion apparatusof Which the furnace15 is an eX- ample., The motorl driven oil pump 17in- 'cludes a pressure delivery pipe 18, to the delivery pipes 19 and 2Oof the pump cylinders and Vpistons which are operated alternatelythrough very short strokes Vby the mechanism 21 contained in the crankcase 22.

There is a valved bleeder connection 23 from the pipe 18 to the crankcase so that by operating the valve 24 the quantity of oil supplied pervhour to thek atomizer can be adjusted With regard to the-size of theheating apparatus represented by the furnace 15. The crank case is ofcourse connectedv back to Y the oil supply and the oil supply isproperly stood by those skilled in the art.

cleaned or filtered ally of which is Well under- 25 is a lighter. 26 isthe oil intake connection for v'the pump. j From the foregoingdescription it is evident that there is provided a very thin film of oilclose up to and 'at the end' ofthe atomizer which confronts thecombustion chamber. @il or Huid fuel in such a thin film is readilycracked with deposition of carbon by exposure to its containing Walls tohigh heat and of course deposition of carbon interferes .With and putsthe atomizer out of commission. The provision of the chamber 14 oratomizing chamber permits of the spacing ofk the atomizer at aconsiderable distance from the combustion chamber A, so that the lilm ofoil may be-considerably removed from the heat of the combustionchamberbut heat is radiated from the Walls of the chamber 14 and air enteringthrough the tube 16 and "flowing onto the end of the atomizerp'rotectsthe film of loil therein from heatradiated from the Walls 14 as Well asfrom heat emanating from the combustion inv the chamber A. Air enteringthe tube 16 might be said to heat .insulate the tube 16 from the Walls14, thus additionally insuring the film inthe atomizer againstoverheating. The airv for supporting combustion of the fog ormistdelivered into the combustion chamber A issupplied through Band upVtliroughl-the grate 0f the heater. p n i It Will be obvious tothosefskilled in .the art to Which the invention relates thatmodifications may be made in details of construction and arrangement andin'matters of mere 90 form Without departing. from 'the `spirit/of theinvention Which is not limitedv to Ysuch matters or Votherwise thantheprior art and y the appended claim mayV require. y e

VIclaim: y v c l v. Oil burning apparatus' comprising a combustionchamber having an intake for air for combustion, a mechanical atomizerincluding .a plate having an orifice 1provided With a 'conical throatand'a spring pressed slotted head abutting on the plate and providedVWith conical projection, there beingat all times spacel providedkbetvveen'the 'Walls ofthe orifice and of the throat-and the Wall of theproJectlon, a chamber communicatmg'vvith 1105 the f combustion Vchamberand y in which the atomizerhis housed in spaced relation Vto thecombustion chamber, and a tubular casing surrounding the atomizer andarranged for charge end thereof. v

WrLLIAM e. JoHNsroN.

the introduction of airA for cooling Vthe disleo

